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Linked: The New Science of Networks, by Albert-laszlo Barabasi, Jennifer Frangos
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In the 1980's, James Gleick's Chaos introduced the world to complexity. Now, Albert-L�szl� Barab�si's Linked reveals the next major scientific leap: the study of networks. We've long suspected that we live in a small world, where everything is connected to everything else. Indeed, networks are pervasive--from the human brain to the Internet to the economy to our group of friends. These linkages, it turns out, aren't random. All networks, to the great surprise of scientists, have an underlying order and follow simple laws. Understanding the structure and behavior of these networks will help us do some amazing things, from designing the optimal organization of a firm to stopping a disease outbreak before it spreads catastrophically.In Linked, Barab�si, a physicist whose work has revolutionized the study of networks, traces the development of this rapidly unfolding science and introduces us to the scientists carrying out this pioneering work. These "new cartographers" are mapping networks in a wide range of scientific disciplines, proving that social networks, corporations, and cells are more similar than they are different, and providing important new insights into the interconnected world around us. This knowledge, says Barab�si, can shed light on the robustness of the Internet, the spread of fads and viruses, even the future of democracy. Engaging and authoritative, Linked provides an exciting preview of the next century in science, guaranteed to be transformed by these amazing discoveries.From Linked:This book has a simple message: think networks. It is about how networks emerge, what they look like, and how they evolve. It aims to develop a web-based view of nature, society, and technology, providing a unified framework to better understand issues ranging from the vulnerability of the Internet to the spread of diseases. Networks are present everywhere. All we need is an eye for them...We will see the challenges doctors face when they attempt to cure a disease by focusing on a single molecule or gene, disregarding the complex interconnected nature of the living matter. We will see that hackers are not alone in attacking networks: we all play Goliath, firing shots at a fragile ecological network that, without further support, could soon replicate our worst nightmares by turning us into an isolated group of species...Linked is meant to be an eye-opening trip that challenges you to walk across disciplines by stepping out of the box of reductionism. It is an invitation to explore link by link the next scientific revolution: the new science of networks.
- Sales Rank: #823307 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Perseus Books Group
- Published on: 2002-05
- Released on: 2002-05-14
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: .95" h x 6.28" w x 9.30" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 256 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Amazon.com Review
How is the human brain like the AIDS epidemic? Ask physicist Albert-L�szl� Barab�si and he'll explain them both in terms of networks of individual nodes connected via complex but understandable relationships. Linked: The New Science of Networks is his bright, accessible guide to the fundamentals underlying neurology, epidemiology, Internet traffic, and many other fields united by complexity.
Barab�si's gift for concrete, nonmathematical explanations and penchant for eccentric humor would make the book thoroughly enjoyable even if the content weren't engaging. But the results of Barab�si's research into the behavior of networks are deeply compelling. Not all networks are created equal, he says, and he shows how even fairly robust systems like the Internet could be crippled by taking out a few super-connected nodes, or hubs. His mathematical descriptions of this behavior are helping doctors, programmers, and security professionals design systems better suited to their needs. Linked presents the next step in complexity theory--from understanding chaos to practical applications. --Rob Lightner
From Publishers Weekly
Information, disease, knowledge and just about everything else is disseminated through a complex series of networks made up of interconnected hubs, argues University of Notre Dame physics professor Barabasi. These networks are replicated in every facet of human life: "There is a path between any two neurons in our brain, between any two companies in the world, between any two chemicals in our body. Nothing is excluded from this highly interconnected web of life." In accessible prose, Barabasi guides readers through the mathematical foundation of these networks. He shows how they operate on the Power Law, the notion that "a few large events carry most of the action." The Web, for example, is "dominated by a few very highly connected nodes, or hubs... such as Yahoo! or Amazon.com." Barabasi notes that "the fittest node will inevitably grow to become the biggest hub." The elegance and efficiency of these structures also makes them easy to infiltrate and sabotage; Barabasi looks at modern society's vulnerability to terrorism, and at the networks formed by terrorist groups themselves. The book also gives readers a historical overview on the study of networks, which goes back to 18th-century Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler and includes the well-known "six degrees phenomenon" developed in 1967 by sociology professor Stanley Milgram. The book may remind readers of Steven Johnson's Emergence and with its emphasis on the mathematical underpinnings of social behavior Malcolm Gladwell's The Tipping Point (which Barabasi discusses); those who haven't yet had their fill of this new subgenre should be interested in Barabasi's lively and ambitious account.
Copyright 2002 Cahners Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
Highlighted in Mark Buchanan's Nexus [BKL My 1 02] as a key researcher on networks, Barabasi here talks about his work in more detail. In an anecdotal narrative, he traces networks' mathematical parentage back to Leonhard Euler and the late Paul Erdos, two biographically as well as mathematically interesting geniuses. They set a foundation called graph theory, on which some sociologists in the late 1960s and early 1970s built ideas of how a social network functions; the phrase "six degrees of separation" arose out of their work. Amusing readers with what helped boost that phrase into general circulation--a Web site that calculates the movie-credit connections between Kevin Bacon and any other Hollywood actor--Barabasi then shifts to his own fascinating studies of the Web. His research group found that its domination by hub sites like Hotmail or Yahoo adheres to a graphical relation called the "power law." Limning this property in contexts such as Vernon Jordan's links among corporate boards, Barabasi imparts the central concepts of networks. Gilbert Taylor
Copyright � American Library Association. All rights reserved
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Show's the point in 100,000 words, when only 10,000 were needed.
By My Pleasure
What it says is true and it is extremely informative (almost too much so) because each chapter is the same practically; and if you've studied much about networks or sociology at all, many of it is already secondary. Good book for people who want a lot of needless text.
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Dull title, superb book
By Camber
This book describes the emergence of an important new area of science, and it's written by Alberto-Laszlo Barabasi, one of the pioneers and leaders in the field. The writing is clear and engaging, so the book should be fairly easy to read by general readers reasonably comfortable with science. Accommodating such a broad audience does limit the technical depth, but there's still plenty of detail, and the book has abundant endnotes which go into further detail and also link the book with the professional literature (pun intended).
The systematic presentation of the book makes it fairly easy to summarize:
(1) Many systems are complex, and thus are not amenable to conventional reductionism. Instead, complex systems typically involve networks.
(2) The study of networks began with "simple" graph theory, and then progressed to random networks in which most nodes have the about the same number of links.
(3) Real-world networks tend to be "small worlds" in the sense that the shortest path from a given node to any other node is typically only several links. This is the case even for networks with millions or billions of nodes.
(4) Rather than being entirely random, real-world networks tend to display clustering, with "weak links" between clusters. These weak links, which may be random, are the key to making these networks small worlds.
(5) Small-world networks tend to have a minority of highly-linked "hub" nodes which shorten the average path between nodes. More precisely, such networks tend to have a hierarchical scale-free structure (topology) which follows a power law with an exponent of 2 to 3, such that there are many nodes with few links and progressively fewer nodes as the number of links per node increases (again, hub nodes have the most links). (By the way, the ratings of this book roughly follow a power law distribution.)
(6) Scale-free structure in networks is largely the result of a preferential attachment process in which well-connected and competitively fitter nodes have a greater ability to attract further links as the network grows ("the rich get richer"). If a single node has dominant fitness, a "winner takes all" effect can occur in which the network develops a star structure rather than a scale-free structure.
(7) Unlike random networks, scale-free networks are robust against even a large number of random removals of nodes. This is largely because the minority of hub nodes keeps the network connected. However, targeted removal of several hub nodes (~5% to 15%) can cause a scale-free network to collapse (loose connectivity), thus making such networks vulnerable to attack. The problem is compounded if such networks are vulnerable to cascading failures.
(8) Viruses, fads, information, etc. can readily spread in scale-free networks because there is no minimum threshold which the spreading rate needs to exceed.
(9) Because the links in the Web are directed, the Web doesn't form a single homogeneous network, but rather has a fragmented structure involving four major "continents" and some "islands", and there is fragmentation within these continents as well.
(10) Behavior of living cells is controlled by multiple layers of networks, including regulatory and metabolic networks. These networks typically have a scale-free structure with an average path length of about three. Across organisms, the hubs in these networks tend to be the same, but the other nodes (molecules) vary widely. This is why targeting drugs at hubs can be both effective and can have side effects (presumably, the key is to find and target hubs which are specific to disease states, if such hubs exist).
(11) The economy is a network in which hub organizations tend to accumulate links as the network grows by absorbing smaller nodes through mergers and acquisitions.
(12) Highly "optimized" organizations with a tight hierarchy tend to be less adaptive than networked organizations, and thus susceptible to failure.
(13) Networked economies are susceptible to cascading failures, especially when the hubs become "too big to fail" (Barabasi's warning here was of course all too accurate).
(14) Real networks tend to have a hierarchically modular structure, while still being scale-free.
The only significant "negative" is that this book came out in 2002/2003, whereas network science has continued to develop since then. However, Barabasi has another book (Bursts: The Hidden Pattern Behind Everything We Do) coming out in just a few weeks, which should bring us up to date, and it makes sense to read "Linked" first, so that you can start at the beginning. Very highly recommended.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Mapping the Internet
By Nick Danger
This book is about the peculiar results obtained when the author set out to "map the internet". Just as we have maps of cities and towns it would be useful to know how to get from here to there via electronic means. One of the premises is that most people don't know that someone somewhere has produced information and published it to the internet unless your part of that "community". The author goes into detail about how new information is constantly being produced but that we can't find it unless it is connected thru "hubs" that many of us connect to in various ways (google, amazon, etc.). These hubs provide links to other hubs that in turn lead us to other hubs. Its all about dissemination of information. Why do some videos go viral and others never even get started? They make reference to the game "6 Degrees of Kevin Bacon" to illustate how all of us are loosely connected in very short distances via particular routes. For example we all know someone that everyone knows for some reason or another. I wonder aloud how this field will boom into a science and how retailers will exploit it. I remember a line from a book about the Manhatten Project that says something to the effect that "technology itself in not inherently good or bad, its the implementation of technology that causes the distinction." You can't tell me that sharing all that information on Facebook doesn't have some negative consequences.
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